1 in 4 Adults Has This Disease... 'Lose Weight and Exercise'

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects one in four adults in South Korea, according to medical experts. This chronic condition, characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, often accompanies metabolic risk factors like obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and abnormal blood lipids. Unlike the traditional understanding of fatty liver being solely linked to alcohol consumption, MAFLD can develop even in individuals who drink moderately, highlighting its connection to overall metabolic health.

While MAFLD often presents no symptoms in its early stages, leading many to overlook potential issues detected during health screenings, it carries significant risks. The disease can progress from simple fat accumulation to inflammatory fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and, in severe cases, lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Experts stress the importance of regular monitoring, especially for those with advanced fibrosis or risk factors like type 2 diabetes and severe obesity.

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Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke, and in fact, the risk of cardiovascular disease is reported to be higher in cases where the disease persists.

Beyond liver damage, MAFLD is increasingly recognized as a warning sign for broader cardiovascular issues. Professor Sung Pil-soo of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital emphasizes that MAFLD is associated with an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. "It is necessary to recognize fatty liver as a warning signal for systemic metabolic health," he stated, underscoring the interconnectedness of liver health and overall well-being.

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Rather than drastic short-term weight loss, adjusting meal intake and composition according to one's condition, and consistently combining aerobic and strength exercises is helpful.

Treatment for MAFLD primarily involves lifestyle modifications, including weight loss and a combination of aerobic and strength training. "Rather than drastic short-term weight loss, adjusting meal intake and composition according to one's condition, and consistently combining aerobic and strength exercises is helpful," explained Professor Sung. He also stressed the importance of managing co-existing conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

While historically lacking specific treatments, recent advancements have brought new hope. Medications like semaglutide (Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro), known for weight management, are showing potential in improving MAFLD and related inflammation and fibrosis. Clinical trials are ongoing for various targeted therapies. However, Professor Sung cautions that these medications are not universally applicable and require consultation with a specialist to consider individual factors such as obesity, diabetes, fibrosis stage, and potential side effects. Lifestyle changes remain the cornerstone of treatment.

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These medications are not a treatment that is uniformly used for all fatty liver patients.