Argentina's 'green gold': Alfalfa exports hit record high, driven by Middle East and Asia demand

Argentina set a historic record for alfalfa exports in 2025, dispatching 168,915 tons valued at $65.5 million. This achievement positions the country among the world's leading suppliers, though two key challenges remain for further export growth, according to a report by the Alfalfa Cluster of Córdoba.

The global alfalfa market, which includes hay from other forage species, moved 8.4 million tons worth approximately $2.77 billion last year. Alfalfa constitutes 44% of this trade due to its high protein content, digestibility, and rich vitamin and mineral profile, making it a strategic input for intensive milk and meat production systems.

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The global market is undergoing a complete reconfiguration.

Argentina's export surge is partly attributed to a decline in U.S. exports, which were affected by a tariff dispute with China. Simultaneously, there is a structural increase in demand from intensive livestock production systems in Asia and the Middle East. Many importing countries are also seeking to diversify their sources of supply, creating opportunities for Argentina. Córdoba has solidified its position as the country's primary export hub, accounting for 91% of shipments.

China remains the largest global importer of alfalfa, followed by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. These Middle Eastern nations rely on international forage trade to sustain their livestock sectors due to land and water limitations. Emerging markets such as Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Brazil, and Egypt are also showing growing interest, offering avenues for Argentina to diversify its export destinations. Gastón Urrets Zavalía, coordinator of the Alfalfa Cluster Córdoba, noted that Argentina possesses favorable conditions for continued growth, including 3.2 million hectares of planted land, production during the Northern Hemisphere's off-season, and accumulated technical expertise. He also highlighted the strengthening of collaborative work within the alfalfa chain, involving companies, scientific institutions, and public bodies, which is driving professionalization and adoption of new technologies.

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That process is driving the professionalization of the sector with greater intensity, the adoption of new technologies.