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Hungary is currently grappling with a persistent heatwave that presents serious health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children and the elderly. Dr. Katalin Havasi, a consultant president for the National Association of Family Pediatricians, has detailed crucial precautions for the coming days to prevent heatstroke, sunstroke, and dehydration. She emphasizes that while tap water and mineral water are essential, consuming fresh fruits offers superior ion replenishment compared to sugary drinks. The elderly are especially susceptible, as they may not always feel thirsty, increasing their risk of dehydration, which can lead to sudden illness or loss of consciousness. Therefore, regular reminders for fluid intake are vital for this demographic.

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The consumption of tap water, mineral water, and fresh fruits together is generally sufficient for adequate ion replenishment. Natural fruits are more favorable in this regard than sugary soft drinks or fruit juices.

External cooling measures are also highlighted as a key defense against the heat. Simple actions like taking a short shower, washing extremities with water, or using a damp towel can significantly improve comfort and aid the body's thermoregulation. For those spending time outdoors, protecting the head is paramount. Wearing a light-colored cap or a wide-brimmed hat can reduce the risk of both sunstroke and heatstroke. These measures are essential for mitigating the immediate physical effects of prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

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For the elderly, the danger is particularly high because in many cases they do not feel thirsty. As a result, they can easily become dehydrated, the circulating blood volume can decrease, which can even lead to sudden illness or loss of consciousness.

Regarding air conditioning, Dr. Havasi advises a balanced approach, warning against excessive use. She recommends maintaining a temperature difference of no more than ten degrees Celsius between indoor and outdoor environments to avoid shocking the system, especially for children and sensitive individuals. Additionally, she points out that air conditioners can dry out the air, making mucous membranes more vulnerable and potentially contributing to upper respiratory infections. While cold drinks themselves do not cause sore throats, they can exacerbate existing infections if the body is chilled. Ultimately, effective protection against the heat involves a combination of adequate shade, consistent hydration and mineral intake, external cooling, and mindful air conditioning usage.

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A short shower, washing the limbs with water, or using a damp towel can significantly improve the feeling of heat and help the body regulate its temperature.