Beyond UNESCO listings

Pakistan’s request for UNESCO to consider Rani Ghat and Banbhore for the World Heritage List deserves support. The two sites represent civilisations that flourished on the land long before the modern state existed, and international recognition could bring more scholarship, visitors and conservation funding.

The move follows the expansion of Pakistan’s tentative list from 25 to 37 properties, with 12 cultural and heritage sites added this year. Plans to take Gandhara exhibitions abroad, establish “Gandhara Corners” and make longer visits to Buddhist sites possible point to a broader effort to present the country’s archaeological wealth as both a cultural inheritance and an economic asset.

Yet adding names to UNESCO’s list cannot become an end in itself. Pakistan must show the same seriousness toward the six properties already inscribed on the list. Lahore Fort and the Shalimar Gardens also require vigilance, particularly as planning and development around the sites could damage their heritage value. The record so far is mixed.

The World Heritage Committee has acknowledged conservation progress at Mohenjo-daro and Makli, but it also said substantial work remains. Mohenjo-daro still needs action on drainage, salinity and an integrated management plan. Makli requires sustained conservation and adequate financial and human resources.

Federal and provincial authorities should publish conservation plans and budgets for every listed site, retain specialist teams, improve visitor facilities, signage and access, and promote the sites consistently at home and abroad. Tourism revenue should return transparently to preservation, while local communities should have a stake in protecting the places around them. Pakistan’s strongest case for new UNESCO recognition will be the care it gives to the treasures already recognised.