Blood test could predict Alzheimer's years in advance

Researchers have identified a promising new method for potentially detecting Alzheimer's disease years in advance: a simple blood test. This breakthrough, detailed in a study published in The Lancet, focuses on biomarkers in the blood that could signal an increased risk of developing the neurodegenerative condition long before cognitive decline becomes apparent.

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In the future, if we have effective treatments available, this could become incredibly important.

The study, conducted by American researchers, observed that levels of phosphorylated tau protein, a key indicator associated with Alzheimer's, can begin to rise as early as in a person's 60s. The research involved analyzing blood samples from 1,350 individuals without dementia, with an average age of 61. These participants also underwent cognitive tests. Those with elevated levels of the protein performed worse on tests measuring planning, focus, and task initiation. Furthermore, their cognitive abilities declined more rapidly over time compared to those with normal protein levels.

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It is a simpler way than the spinal fluid tests and brain imaging used today.

Henrik Zetterberg, a professor at the University of Gothenburg and a leading figure in neurochemistry, noted that blood tests for tau protein are already used in some regions as part of Alzheimer's diagnostics. He described them as a simpler alternative to current methods like spinal fluid tests and brain imaging. Zetterberg mentioned that while about 10% of 70-year-olds show elevated markers, this new study suggests the underlying pathological process likely begins even earlier.

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We have seen that in 70-year-olds, about 10 percent have an elevation of these markers. Here one sees that the process probably begins earlier.

Currently, there are no approved treatments in Sweden that specifically target the changes caused by tau and another protein, beta-amyloid, in the brain. However, numerous pharmaceutical companies are actively developing new therapies. Zetterberg believes that early detection via blood tests will become invaluable once more effective treatments with fewer side effects become available. He cautioned, however, that widespread testing is not advisable at present due to the risk of causing unnecessary anxiety, given the lack of immediate treatment options.

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Most treatments will be most beneficial if initiated early. But at present, there is no reason to test broadly as it risks causing unnecessary worry.