China delivers powerful fighter jets as Uzbekistan makes major break from Russia

Uzbekistan has put Chinese J-10CE fighter jets on display for the first time, signaling a notable turn away from its decades-long dependence on Soviet and Russian military technology.

At least six aircraft appeared during celebrations marking the 35th anniversary of Uzbekistan’s independence. Videos showed the jets carrying Uzbek air force markings on the runway and flying in formation. A traditional water salute followed their arrival.

The move makes Uzbekistan only the second country outside China to use the J-10CE. Earlier reports suggested that Tashkent might acquire 24 aircraft, but neither side has officially confirmed the number ordered, the value of the deal or when the remaining aircraft would arrive. Uzbekistan’s Defense Ministry presented the jets as modern fighters intended to protect the country’s airspace.

The purchase stands out because Uzbekistan’s fleet still includes Soviet-era aircraft such as the MiG-29 and various versions of the Su-17, Su-24, Su-25 and Su-27. The country had previously considered buying Russia’s Su-30SM and agreed in 2018 to purchase 12 Russian Mi-35M combat helicopters. The J-10CE therefore represents both a fleet modernization and a shift in supplier.

The J-10CE is the export version of China’s J-10C multirole fighter, classified as a 4.5-generation aircraft. It has an AESA radar, electronic-warfare and data-exchange systems, and can conduct air combat and ground attacks. Its weapons include PL-10 short-range missiles and PL-15E missiles for beyond-visual-range engagements.

Pakistan became the first foreign buyer and had received 20 aircraft by May last year. The fighter gained international attention after the Pakistan-India conflict in May 2025, when U.S. officials told Reuters that Pakistan used PL-15 missiles to shoot down at least two Indian military aircraft, including a French Rafale. China has promoted the J-10CE as a lower-cost alternative to Western fighters, and Indonesia, Iran, Egypt and Bangladesh have also been mentioned as interested countries.