China tests ballistic missile, showcasing sea-based nuclear power: Bloomberg

China's test of a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) on July 6 into the Pacific Ocean may signal an increase in such launches in the region. This marks Beijing's third publicly disclosed long-range ballistic missile test in the Pacific since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, following initial tests in 1980 and again in 2024.

Analysts interpret this latest launch as a demonstration of China's "nuclear triad" sea-based component, complementing its land-based missile forces. The test is seen as a significant development in China's military and nuclear modernization, with experts like Mike Hughes from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute noting that "there should be no doubt about China's ambitions to dominate the region."

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there should be no doubt about China's ambitions to dominate the region.

The missile fired is believed to be either the older JL-2 or the newer JL-3. The JL-2 has an estimated range of 7,200 kilometers, requiring submarines to operate outside the "first island chain" to strike most of the U.S. mainland, making them more detectable. The JL-3, with a range of approximately 10,000 kilometers, allows for launches from closer Chinese waters, enabling submarines to remain in protected areas while still threatening the U.S. mainland.

Data from maritime intelligence firms indicated the presence of two Chinese satellite tracking ships near the Federated States of Micronesia during the test period. These vessels are equipped to track missile launches and collect data, suggesting the operation was pre-planned. The SLBM test enhances the People's Liberation Army's "second-strike" capability, its ability to retaliate with nuclear weapons after a nuclear attack. Experts like Lyle Morris from ASPI view this as a major step toward a more survivable and longer-range sea-based nuclear deterrent.

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This range of test is a significant development, indicating China is moving towards a sea-based nuclear deterrent that is significantly more survivable and longer-range.