Debate grows over Seoul's affordability of free bus rides for seniors

Seoul is contemplating a significant expansion of its public transportation benefits for seniors, proposing free or subsidized bus rides for residents aged 70 and older. This initiative would build upon the existing system that provides free subway access to citizens aged 65 and above.

The proposal has advanced through a Seoul Metropolitan Council committee and is slated for a plenary session vote. If approved, the subsidy would apply to city and neighborhood buses, excluding express and intercity services. However, the plan has ignited debate, primarily concerning the substantial financial implications for a city where 21.2% of the population is elderly.

Estimates from the Seoul Metropolitan Council Secretariat suggest that a universal bus fare subsidy for all residents aged 70 and older would cost approximately 104.7 billion won (about $88.5 million) in its initial year, assuming implementation begins in 2027. With the 70+ population projected to grow from 1.27 million in 2026 to 1.63 million by 2031, annual costs could escalate to 127.5 billion won, with a five-year total estimated at nearly 579 billion won. These figures do not include existing transportation subsidies, which already involve significant city compensation to private bus operators.

Supporters argue the current system disadvantages seniors who rely more on buses than subways. Other cities in South Korea have already introduced similar programs. Daegu began offering free bus rides to seniors in 2023, with plans to lower the eligibility age from 75 to 70 by 2028. Daejeon currently provides free bus rides to residents aged 70 and older, and Incheon is preparing to launch a similar initiative for those aged 75 and above in 2026. The potential for increased labor costs in the bus industry due to recent court rulings on wages adds another layer of financial challenge.