Felt as 38°C 'Major Heatwave Warning' Increases Death Risk by 1.16 Times; Elderly and Those with Underlying Conditions Particularly Vulnerable

South Korea faces a heightened mortality risk during severe heatwaves, with analysis indicating a 16% increase in deaths when heatwave 'major warning' levels are in effect. Vulnerable populations, including the elderly, individuals with chronic illnesses, and those living alone, are particularly susceptible to heat-related illnesses that can lead to hospitalization or death.

The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) released findings from an in-depth analysis of heatwave health impacts. The study correlated mortality risk with the intensity of heatwaves, based on the newly revised warning system. During a 'heatwave advisory,' the overall mortality risk increased by 1.05 times, rising to 1.09 times for a 'heatwave warning,' and peaking at 1.16 times for a 'major heatwave warning.' Cardiovascular disease mortality saw similar increases.

"A 1.16 times increase in hospitalization or death risk due to heat illness means an additional 16% more people die each day," explained Bae Sang-hyuk, a professor at the Catholic University College of Medicine. "Considering that heatwaves affect the entire population, this represents a very significant risk."

The 'major heatwave warning' is issued when the highest perceived temperature reaches 38 degrees Celsius or higher, or the highest daily temperature reaches 39 degrees Celsius or higher. The analysis also revealed that older adults (over 65) face nearly double the risk compared to those under 30, and individuals with underlying health conditions are 1.5 times more at risk. Socially and economically vulnerable groups, such as basic livelihood security recipients, foreigners, and those living alone, also face significantly higher risks.

In response, the KDCA has developed eight specific action guidelines for vulnerable groups, including the elderly, children, pregnant women, people with disabilities, and individuals with chronic conditions like heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and kidney disease. These guidelines emphasize preparing necessary medications, establishing emergency contact networks with family and neighbors, and using protective measures like umbrellas when using mobility aids outdoors to prevent burns from hot metal parts.

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A 1.16 times increase in hospitalization or death risk due to heat illness means an additional 16% more people die each day. Considering that heatwaves affect the entire population, this represents a very significant risk.