Fuelling Thai energy with trash

Thai energy authorities are intensifying efforts to promote a waste-to-energy concept that could transform plastic waste into usable oil through pyrolysis. This technology, reintroduced after a period of waning interest, is gaining traction as Thailand seeks alternative fuel sources.

The global energy crisis, triggered by geopolitical conflicts, has brought pyrolysis back into focus. Thailand, heavily reliant on crude oil imports, is exploring ways to reduce this dependence. The Department of Energy Business (DOEB) has announced plans to standardize pyrolysis production systems, focusing on consistency and safety. They are also studying methods for regulating the production, transport, and use of pyrolysis oil.

Pyrolysis involves the thermal decomposition of plastic waste at high temperatures (300-600°C) in near or total absence of oxygen. This process breaks down the molecules into a dark liquid synthetic fuel. While this oil can be used directly in agricultural machinery or industrial processes, it requires refining before use as a fuel substitute for fossil fuels.

Historically, interest in pyrolysis waned after the introduction of biofuels like biogas and gasohol. However, the sharp fall in oil prices below $60 per barrel in 2008 and subsequent energy shocks have led policymakers to re-examine pyrolysis as a viable alternative fuel option. The current energy crisis, according to a DOEB deputy director-general, has made policymakers serious about alternative energy.

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Policymakers are serious about alternative energy because the latest crisis has hurt purchasing power severely.