Hands off the wheel, but eyes on the road: why it's hard to stay attentive in self-driving cars

The prospect of self-driving cars offering a relaxing ride is challenged by the cognitive demands they place on drivers. Neuropsychologist Céline Gillebert from KU Leuven explains that autonomous systems, such as Tesla's FSD which will soon be permitted on Belgian roads, create an "uncomfortable position" for the brain. The core issue lies in the disconnect between attention and action.

Normally, when driving, our attention is directly linked to the actions required for safe navigation. We focus on traffic lights, other vehicles, and distances, using this information to steer, brake, and anticipate. However, with autonomous systems taking over these tasks, drivers are asked to remain alert and focused without actively participating. This detachment makes it difficult for the brain to maintain the necessary vigilance.

Gillebert notes that the more capable these systems become, the harder it is for drivers to stay watchful. This passive state can lead to a reduced ability to react effectively when intervention is needed. While autonomous cars are expected to improve overall traffic safety, especially as they become more prevalent, the current mixed environment of autonomous and human-driven vehicles presents unpredictable situations.

To mitigate these challenges, Gillebert advises drivers to actively try to predict the actions of the car and other road users. Avoiding distracting activities and taking regular breaks are also recommended to help maintain the necessary level of engagement and awareness while using autonomous driving features.