How much coffee is healthy to drink per day?

Drinking up to five cups of American-style coffee per day is considered safe and may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases like heart failure and stroke, according to a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. The findings were published in the journal Circulation.

The statement, which is based on coffee consumption habits in the United States where a cup is about 250 milliliters, suggests that up to 400 milligrams of caffeine daily is safe. This amount appears to be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular issues for some individuals. In Europe, where coffee is often consumed more concentrated, the safe daily intake would correspond to fewer cups.

While coffee, particularly when consumed without added sugar, flavorings, milk, or cream, is linked to potential health benefits such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the way it is prepared matters. The association highlights that caffeine from coffee is distinct from that found in sodas and energy drinks, which can increase the risk of high blood pressure and arrhythmias. Furthermore, components like cafestol, found in unfiltered coffee, may raise LDL cholesterol levels, while filtered coffee does not contain this compound.

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up to 400 milligrams of caffeine “healthy” per day would be “safe” and “appears to be related to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in some people.”