How to Talk to AI and Kiosks: A Linguist's Observations on Changing Korean Communication

South Korea is undergoing a noticeable linguistic transformation, largely driven by the pervasive influence of artificial intelligence and self-service kiosks. Linguist Robert Fouser observes that in less than a year since his last visit, the way people communicate has shifted significantly, with conversations increasingly revolving around AI. This integration is so profound that AI has become a common topic of discussion among friends, colleagues, and even strangers, sparking debates about its societal impact, potential benefits, and drawbacks.

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Humans use informal language with artificial intelligence. AI fundamentally uses formal language. For example, when something is wrong, a human says, 'You're wrong,' and AI replies, 'I'm sorry.' This reflects not only Korean's distinct speech patterns but also the user's superior position over the machine.

An interesting cultural nuance emerges in how Koreans interact with AI. Unlike the polite 'please' and 'thank you' often used by users in the UK and US, Koreans frequently employ informal language, even using the banmal (informal speech) with AI. This behavior, Fouser suggests, reflects a deeply ingrained hierarchical perception where humans are positioned above machines. While some users might adopt polite language hoping for more accurate responses or to ensure the AI complies, the dominant trend points towards a more casual, almost subservient, interaction with technology.

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In the UK and US, according to a 2025 survey, about 70% of AI users use expressions like 'Thank you' or 'Please.' It may be habitual, but some say it's because they expect more accurate answers or are even concerned that the AI might not listen to them.

Beyond AI, the proliferation of kiosks and QR codes in establishments like restaurants has led to a noticeable reduction in verbal communication. Ordering food via a kiosk requires intense focus on the screen, diminishing opportunities for conversation with dining companions. Similarly, QR codes necessitate individual attention to mobile phones, further isolating individuals. This shift contrasts with traditional settings where menu boards on walls facilitate more natural exchanges between customers and staff, and among patrons themselves.

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I couldn't help but wonder, can't we have this much conversation on a trip?

The changing landscape also includes an increase in interactions with foreign workers, whose Korean language proficiency varies widely. While previously, many foreign workers in service roles were fluent Korean speakers, the current workforce is more diverse, leading to a mix of language skills. This necessitates slower, more deliberate communication, yet the public seems to have adapted, showing patience and understanding towards non-native speakers. However, the rise of kiosks has also created a new dynamic: customers, accustomed to ordering from machines, may hesitate to ask questions of human staff, who may appear unprepared or even uncomfortable with direct inquiries, leading to a decline in interpersonal dialogue.

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In restaurants, conversations have largely disappeared with the spread of kiosks and QR codes. When using a kiosk, you have to concentrate on the screen, so conversations between people sitting opposite each other decrease, and QR codes mean everyone has to look at their phones, which also leads to a decrease in conversation.