Israel Accused of Using White Phosphorus in Lebanon

The Israeli military stands accused of deploying white phosphorus over populated areas in Lebanon, according to reports from experts and human rights organizations cited by The New York Times. This incendiary weapon is prohibited for use in areas with significant civilian populations under the terms of the Geneva Conventions.

Evidence, including imagery verified by the newspaper, indicates the use of white phosphorus on May 30 in the city of Nabatieh, home to approximately 40,000 residents, coinciding with the capture of Beaufort Castle. Similar munitions have also been documented near the coastal city of Tyre and three smaller towns in recent months.

White phosphorus ignites upon contact with oxygen, producing intense heat and causing severe, often fatal burns in humans. While not classified as a chemical weapon, it is permitted for use as smoke or illumination ammunition, or to mark targets in open areas. However, its deployment in densely populated zones is strictly forbidden by international humanitarian law.

This is not the first instance of white phosphorus use in conflict zones. Israel previously employed the substance in Gaza in 2008-2009 and in Lebanon in 1982 and 2006. Although Israel stated in 2013 it would reduce its use, Human Rights Watch reported its deployment in Gaza and Lebanon again in 2023. The weapon has also been used by the U.S. in the Middle East, and Russia and Ukraine have accused each other of its use since 2023.