Jamaica’s population grew by just 600 in 2025 – PIOJ

Jamaica's population experienced minimal growth in 2025, increasing by just 600 individuals to an estimated 2,764,200. This represents a growth rate of 0.0 percent, according to the Planning Institute of Jamaica's (PIOJ) Economic and Social Survey Jamaica.

The PIOJ attributes this stagnation to demographic shifts characteristic of the final stages of the demographic transition model, where low fertility and low mortality rates are prevalent. These factors are further compounded by climate-related shocks, such as the impacts of Hurricane Melissa, which intensify vulnerability.

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Jamaica is undergoing demographic changes that are consistent with the final stages of the demographic transition model which is characterised by low fertility and low mortality rates; this contributes to low or negative population growth

In 2025, Jamaica recorded 28,900 births and an estimated 21,300 deaths, resulting in a natural increase of 7,600 people. However, a net migration loss of 7,000 individuals offset this natural increase. This migration loss was lower than the 8,800 recorded in the previous year.

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At the same time, demographic shifts are exacerbated by climate-related shocks, which are intensifying vulnerability, as evidenced by the impacts of Hurricane Melissa…

The survey also highlights changes in the population's age and sex composition. While the working-age group (15–64 years) remains substantial, there is a growing elderly population (65 years and over) and a continuing decline in the child population (0–14 years). The PIOJ notes that net migration loss, below-replacement fertility rates, and population aging are all impacting the population structure.

In response to these demographic trends, Jamaica is implementing strategic initiatives aligned with national and international frameworks. These include the Vision 2030 Jamaica National Development Plan and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Emphasis is placed on social protection, awareness of population aging, addressing below-replacement fertility rates, health and non-communicable diseases, and education and skills training. The PIOJ stresses that investment in these areas is crucial for leveraging the working-age population for economic growth and sustainable development. Collaboration among government entities, NGOs, and international partners is ongoing in areas such as international migration and diaspora development.

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net migration loss, below replacement level fertility rates and population ageing have all had an impact on the population structure