Microalgae genes could be key to reversing kelp's decline

Scientists in New South Wales are pioneering the use of genetic editing as a potential lifeline for kelp forests threatened by climate change. The innovative project, led by researchers at the NSW Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), received a grant from the U.S.-based wildlife conservation organization Revive & Restore. At the heart of the research is an examination of microalgae genes. The goal is to understand what makes these organisms tolerant to higher temperatures, with the ultimate aim of applying this knowledge to enhance the resilience of kelp. Kelp, a type of large brown seaweed, forms crucial underwater forests that line nearly a third of the world's coastlines and support a vast array of marine life. Senior principal research scientist Melinda Coleman highlighted the long-term vision, stating that while genetically modified kelp is still a distant prospect, investigating its potential now is essential. "If we can understand which genes are responsible for organisms to withstand higher temperatures … we could try to introduce variations in those [genetic] regions to boost thermal tolerance," she explained. Coleman emphasized the need for novel strategies beyond traditional conservation methods, as climate change is increasingly outpacing kelp's natural ability to adapt. Research scientist Dr. Hugh Goold underscored the importance of investment in scientific research, particularly for future preparedness. "Research grants are everything," he stated, adding that establishing the necessary tools, regulatory approvals, and implementation pathways in advance ensures that technologies are ready when needed. Goold also noted the potential for these experimental approaches to benefit horticulture and agriculture. The ecological significance of kelp, particularly golden kelp (Eclonia radiata) found on Australia's Great Southern Reef, was emphasized by Stefan Andrews, co-founder of the Great Southern Reef Foundation. He described how this abundant species supports a multitude of other marine organisms, underscoring the cascading impact of kelp's decline. This research represents a critical effort to safeguard these vital marine ecosystems against the escalating pressures of a warming planet, exploring cutting-edge science to ensure the survival of underwater forests.

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If we can understand which genes are responsible for organisms to withstand higher temperatures … we could try to introduce variations in those [genetic] regions to boost thermal tolerance.