Migraine in women, an undervalued illness

Migraine, a debilitating neurological condition, overwhelmingly impacts women, with studies indicating they represent between 70% and over 80% of all sufferers. Data from a 2025 study in Spain highlights that while approximately six million people experience migraines (13% of the population), the vast majority of those affected are female. This prevalence is particularly concerning as migraine is identified as the primary cause of disability among young women, according to the Spanish Society of Neurology (SEN).

The condition's onset, often in adolescence or early adulthood, coincides with critical life stages. Experts note that migraine can profoundly influence major life decisions, including career choices and family planning. "There are women who do not dare to get pregnant because they would have to stop taking migraine medication," stated Isabel Colomina, president of the Spanish Association of Migraine and Headache (Aemice), underscoring the severe limitations imposed by the illness.

While the primary cause of migraine remains elusive, scientific understanding has advanced significantly. It is recognized as a polygenic disorder, with a higher probability of inheritance if a parent suffers from it. Colomina shared her personal experience, having suffered her first debilitating migraine at age 13, a condition her father also experienced.

Research also points to epigenetic factors, such as hormonal fluctuations, as significant contributors to migraine's higher prevalence in women. Dr. Pozo-Rosich from Vall d’Hebron Hospital in Barcelona explained that attacks associated with menstruation can be more difficult to treat, longer-lasting, and more severe. The evolution of scientific research and clinical practice over the approximately 50 years since Colomina's first episode has led to improved patient care and understanding of this widespread condition.