Mining and integration between Argentina and Chile

Argentina and Chile are poised to capitalize on the surging global demand for critical minerals, fueled by the energy transition and the expansion of innovative industries. The World Bank notes that mineral-rich countries have a significant chance to expand markets, create jobs, and develop new industries. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) projects that demand for these minerals will grow by 400% to 600% in the next decade.

South America is emerging as a crucial hub in global critical mineral supply chains, contributing 40% of the world's copper and 35% of its lithium. The OECD identifies mining as a cornerstone of Argentina's economic recovery, helping to diversify its export base alongside energy and agribusiness. Argentina holds a prominent position in the international mining landscape due to its abundant reserves of lithium, copper, gold, silver, and uranium.

The implementation of the Regime for the Incentive of Large Investments (RIGI) is proving vital for attracting investment in Argentina. This policy, which ensures fiscal stability and reduces uncertainty, has helped unblock delayed projects, receiving support from the World Bank. In 2025, Argentina's mining sector achieved a historic export record of $6.037 billion, representing 6.9% of its total exports and acting as a net generator of foreign currency. Provinces like San Juan, Catamarca, Salta, Jujuy, and Santa Cruz are major investment magnets, with significant potential also seen in Mendoza, Río Negro, and Chubut.

Chile's mining sector is a powerhouse, generating 200,000 direct jobs and nearly 500,000 indirect positions. As the world's leading producer of copper and a major player in lithium, mining accounts for almost 60% of Chile's exports, bringing in $63 billion in 2025. This dominance is the result of decades of consistent, investment-friendly policies and parallel development of road, energy, and port infrastructure.

Peru, another significant copper exporter, derives 68% of its export revenue, or $61 billion, from mining, supporting 280,000 direct jobs. The article points out that Chile's mining exports are nine times larger than Argentina's, and Peru's are seven times larger, highlighting the substantial growth potential for Argentina if it can fully leverage its resources and attract further investment.