Most Israelis believe internal conflicts, polarization are biggest threats to Israel, study reveals

Internal conflict and societal polarization are perceived as the most significant threats to Israel's continued existence, according to a new annual report by the Jewish People Policy Institute (JPPI). The study indicates that 55% of the Israeli public identifies these internal divisions as the primary danger, far outweighing concerns about an Iranian nuclear bomb (23%) or the conflict with the Palestinians (18%).

The report, based on surveys and analyses over the past year, reveals that six in 10 Israelis believe there is a real danger of bloodshed and physical violence within the country, suggesting fears of civil war. This internal focus comes as the nation grapples with the ongoing haredi draft crisis, with 80% of the public supporting the enlistment of ultra-Orthodox men, while 79% of haredim remain opposed, even to specially tailored frameworks.

Societal divisions are further underscored by low intergroup closeness scores. The haredi sector received the lowest average closeness score among all population groups, particularly from the secular public, who rated their closeness at a mere 1.81 out of 10. Meanwhile, trust in the IDF's senior command has risen to a record 82%, boosted by the recent regional campaign and a change in IDF chiefs of staff.

Despite increased trust in the military, public skepticism remains regarding achievements in Gaza. Most Israelis anticipate Hamas rule will continue in some form and express disappointment that a proposed plan has not led to Hamas disarmament or significant reconstruction. The war has also influenced political identification, with a notable shift towards the right among the Jewish public, especially among young people.