Panama swelters as heat records tumble amid climate change warnings

Panama is grappling with unprecedented heatwaves, as temperatures soar to new highs across the nation. Experts point to a confluence of factors, including climate change, the El Niño phenomenon, and a concerning reduction in the country's tree cover, as drivers of the intensifying heat.

Meteorological data from Tocumen International Airport reveals a stark upward trend in July temperatures over recent years. While 2022 saw temperatures around 24°C, by 2026, readings had climbed to 34°C. The highest historical temperatures on record have been observed in the provinces of Veraguas and Chiriquí, according to Luz Graciela de Calzadilla, director of the Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (Imhpa).

Daily life in Panama City has become a challenge, with midday temperatures frequently fluctuating between 34°C and 36°C. The heat is not confined to the capital; interior regions have recorded even higher temperatures, with one forecaster noting a peak of 36.8°C in some areas. Panama City itself registered approximately 35.6°C, with similar readings in the Azuero region.

Compounding the issue, urban surfaces are absorbing and retaining significantly more heat. Research using satellite imagery indicates that the average temperature of roofs and pavements has risen by about 7°C between 2000-2006 and 2019-2025, climbing from 33°C to 40°C. This phenomenon exacerbates the urban heat island effect, making cities considerably hotter than surrounding rural areas.

Environmental specialists warn that El Niño's characteristic reduction in rainfall, coupled with rising temperatures, creates conditions ripe for forest fires. Furthermore, studies by the Environmental Research Institute underscore the link between a lack of trees and increased heat. Areas with greater vegetation cover experience lower perceived temperatures, emphasizing the critical need to expand and preserve green spaces to mitigate the impact of extreme heat in urban environments.