Poor diet during pregnancy may restrict baby growth, say gynaecologists

Maternal health experts are highlighting the critical link between a mother's diet during pregnancy and her baby's development. They warn that inadequate nutrition can significantly restrict fetal growth, leading to low birth weight, premature birth, and in severe cases, fetal death.

The fetus relies entirely on nutrients from the mother via the placenta for proper growth. Experts note that deficiencies in essential micronutrients, such as folic acid and iron, can impair development and increase the risk of congenital birth defects and anemia. Protein and energy are particularly crucial, as insufficient intake directly impacts the baby's ability to grow.

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The immediate risk for the baby who is having intrauterine growth restriction is that, if it continues without being managed properly or being attended to, it can lead to intrauterine foetal deaths or fetal loss.

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Dr. Jimoh Saheed explained that malnutrition during pregnancy can stem from insufficient intake, poor absorption, or nutrient loss due to illness. Conditions like diarrheal disease, coeliac disease, HIV, and tuberculosis, along with severe nausea and vomiting, can contribute to nutritional deficiencies.

He cautioned that severe fetal growth restriction, if undetected and unmanaged, can become life-threatening, potentially leading to intrauterine fetal deaths. Early detection and proper management are therefore essential to ensure positive outcomes for both mother and child.

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If the baby is not getting enough amino acids and protein from the mother, the baby is not likely to grow very well.