Rare 18th-century Quranic manuscript showcasing calligraphy evolution displayed in Mecca

A rare Quranic manuscript, believed to date back to the 12th Hijri century (18th century AD), is currently being exhibited at the Quran Museum in Mecca's Hera Cultural District. This unique artifact offers a glimpse into the evolution of Quranic calligraphy and manuscript art.

The manuscript is notable for its masterful integration of three of the most celebrated Arabic calligraphy styles: Thuluth, Rayhani, and Naskh. The verses are written in black ink, with the scribe demonstrating exceptional skill in combining the distinct artistic and aesthetic characteristics of these different schools of Arabic script. The meticulous attention to detail extends to the diacritical marks and vowelization, ensuring accuracy and clarity.

Adding to its visual splendor, the manuscript is adorned with elaborate floral decorations and fine gilding, particularly on its initial pages. These decorative elements transport visitors back to the artistry involved in creating and embellishing Qurans nearly three centuries ago. The design includes gilded circular separators between verses, serving both to delineate the text and enhance the pages' ornamental value.

This historical document, preserved within the collection of the King Abdulaziz Public Library, exemplifies the high standards of precision,ضبط (ضبط means accuracy in writing and vocalization), and ornamentation achieved in Quranic manuscript production during that era. The manuscript contains a selection of Quranic chapters, beginning with Al-Fatiha and including Surahs such as Al-An'am, Al-Kahf, Saba', Fatir, Yasin, Al-Fath, Al-Waqi'ah, Al-Mulk, An-Naba', and concluding with Al-Ikhlas. Its display in Mecca, the birthplace of revelation and the direction of Muslim prayer, further enhances its significance.