Sweden pivots back to printed books in schools amid screen time concerns

Once a pioneer in integrating digital devices into classrooms, Sweden is now making a significant investment in printed textbooks. This move reflects growing concerns that the widespread use of screens may be detrimental to children's learning abilities and concentration.

At Bandhagen school in Stockholm, students are seen reading from physical books, a scene mirroring Sweden's broader educational pivot. For many students, like Emilia, a teenager who experiences headaches from reading on devices, physical books offer a better way to concentrate. This sentiment underscores the perceived benefits of traditional learning materials.

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When I read on devices, I usually get a headache. I can concentrate better when I read physical books.

The shift gained momentum after results from the OECD's Program for International Student Assessment revealed sharp declines in reading and mathematics scores between 2018 and 2022. A government-backed review by neuroscientists and pediatric experts concluded that heavy reliance on digital devices could impair attention, suggesting printed materials might be more effective for learning.

In response, Sweden allocated between 658 million and 755 million kronor ($70 million to $80 million) annually through 2025 for printed teaching materials. This decision contrasts with trends in other nations, such as Japan, which is actively introducing digital textbooks. However, some experts in Sweden suggest that factors beyond technology, including demographic changes and challenges faced by immigrant families, also contribute to academic performance issues. Principal Pia Nystrom of Bandhagen school advocates for finding a balance between digital and traditional methods, rather than solely blaming technology.

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The decision was based on research suggesting that young children, whose brains are still developing, may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of digital devices.