WHO: 45% of dementia cases preventable; new risks identified

A significant portion of dementia cases, as high as 45%, can be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, according to the World Health Organization's (WHO) latest guidelines. The updated recommendations emphasize that adopting healthy lifestyle habits is crucial for protecting brain health.

The WHO's second edition of the "Guidelines for Reducing Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk," released on July 15, 2026, highlights three newly identified risk factors. These include air pollution, which not only harms the lungs but also the brain, potentially triggering migraines and increasing dementia risk. Additionally, the guidelines clarify that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption, as alcohol is toxic to the brain. Hearing loss and high cholesterol in midlife are also significant contributors, each accounting for about 7% of risk factors.

Taiwanese neurologist and brain science doctor, Cheng Chun-yu, suggests six daily strategies to safeguard the brain, aligning with the WHO guidelines. These include engaging in regular physical activity and avoiding sedentary behavior, with recommendations for aerobic and strength training weekly, and moving every 30 minutes when sitting. Maintaining mental activity through reading, learning new things, and staying socially connected is also vital, as is managing emotional well-being.

Further recommendations involve adopting a balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean, DASH, or MIND diets, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes, while limiting red meat, processed foods, and refined sugars. Quitting smoking and completely avoiding alcohol are strongly advised. Managing high blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, and weight, particularly in middle age, can reduce the risk of vascular diseases and dementia. Finally, caring for senses by regularly checking hearing and vision, using hearing aids if needed, and ensuring adequate sleep and preventing falls and head injuries are important protective measures.