Are N95 masks the best protection against volcanic ash?

N95 masks offer the strongest protection against volcanic ash from Mount Anak Krakatau, but Indonesian lung specialists say people should not wait for one before covering their faces. Any mask, they stress, is better than none.

Feni Fitriani Taufik, head of the Tobacco Working Group at the Indonesian Lung Doctors Association and a member of its Occupational and Environmental Lung Working Group, said an N95 works best because it seals closely around the face. The fit matters: gaps around the cheeks, or a mask that slips below the nose or mouth, can allow ash to leak through.

That stronger protection can come with discomfort. Some people find that wearing an N95 for a long time feels like their breathing is restricted. Feni therefore advised residents to choose a mask that offers a practical balance between protection and comfort. "Every mask has its advantages and disadvantages. Choose one that suits you. Wearing any type of mask still offers more protection than wearing none at all," she said.

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Any type of mask provides better protection than not wearing a mask at all.

No food or drink can specifically protect the lungs from volcanic ash, Feni said. Instead, people should rest, eat nutritious food, drink plenty of water, and avoid smoking and vaping. They should also limit time outdoors and keep doors and windows closed while ash is in the air.

Anyone who must go outside should wear a mask and protect the eyes with glasses or other protective eyewear. Ash-covered clothing should be washed separately, and people should shower as soon as they return indoors. The fine particles, made up of rock, minerals and volcanic glass, can reach deep into the respiratory system. They may irritate the eyes, nose and throat, cause coughing and sneezing, and aggravate asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis and acute respiratory infections.

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Every mask has its advantages and disadvantages. Choose one that suits you. Wearing any type of mask still offers more protection than wearing none at all.