BRIN Develops Solar Cells from Purple Bacteria

Indonesia's National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) is pioneering a new renewable energy source by developing solar cells that utilize the photosynthetic pigments of purple bacteria. This innovative approach leverages the natural light-capturing capabilities of these microorganisms to generate electricity.

The research, led by Tulus from BRIN's Nanotechnology Systems Research Center, focuses on using the photosystem reaction center-light harvesting 1 (RC-LH1) protein complex from the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. This biological material acts as the light-absorbing layer in the solar cell device. Researchers combine it with various semiconductor layers to create an electrical charge separation when exposed to sunlight.

This method presents a novel approach to photovoltaic technology, drawing inspiration from nature's own energy conversion systems. Unlike conventional methods, this bio-photovoltaic technology is considered safer as the bacteria are non-pathogenic and possess efficient photosynthetic abilities. The research team employs a layered electrode structure, including indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and fullerene (C60) as the cathode for electron collection, and molybdenum oxide and silver layers as the anode for hole collection.

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In principle, photosynthesis and photovoltaics share similarities, as both utilize solar energy. Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, while photovoltaics convert it into electrical energy.

"In principle, photosynthesis and photovoltaics share similarities, as both utilize solar energy. Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, while photovoltaics convert it into electrical energy," explained Tulus. He highlighted the high quantum efficiency and excellent charge separation characteristics of the purple bacteria's photosynthetic system, identifying RC-LH1 as a promising biological material for advancing bio-photovoltaic technology.

The developed technology falls under the category of third-generation solar cells, specifically within emerging photovoltaics known as bio-solar cells. Beyond using environmentally friendly materials, the process operates at low temperatures and relies on abundant natural resources, making it a more sustainable alternative to traditional solar technologies. Initial results show promising voltage outputs for solid-state bio-photovoltaics, with ongoing efforts focused on increasing the generated current to enhance overall device efficiency.

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Through this research, we strive to utilize the photosynthetic components of purple bacteria as a material that converts light energy into higher-value electrical energy.