Canadian wildfire smoke linked to fewer bird sightings in New York

The pervasive smoke from Canada's record-breaking wildfires has had an unexpected effect on wildlife observation in New York State, according to a new study. Researchers have found a correlation between increased wildfire smoke and a significant decrease in the number of bird species sighted during the crucial breeding season.

Scientists from the University at Buffalo examined air quality data, specifically levels of PM2.5 (fine particulate matter), alongside bird observations recorded by citizen scientists through the eBird project between 2021 and 2023. The study focused on the breeding seasons, a critical period for bird reproduction and raising young.

During 2023, which marked Canada's worst wildfire season on record, smoke plumes traveled hundreds of miles, impacting air quality across New York. The research revealed that when PM2.5 levels rose, sightings of 40 out of the 84 bird species studied became less likely. Many of these species were migratory forest songbirds, including warblers, thrushes, and vireos.

Corresponding author Festus Adegbola noted that the findings demonstrate a clear link between wildfire smoke and bird observations. However, the researchers emphasize that this does not necessarily mean bird populations have declined. Instead, the smoke may have influenced bird behavior, causing them to become less visible or active, thus making them more difficult for birdwatchers to detect. This highlights an often-overlooked consequence of wildfire smoke and could inform future wildlife monitoring strategies.

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The findings show a clear connection between wildfire smoke and bird observations.