Ceuta migrant surge: What happened as thousands crossed from Morocco

A sudden influx of tens of thousands of people into the Spanish enclave of Ceuta from Morocco created chaos and sparked international speculation. The surge, which occurred within a single 24-hour period, was fueled by rumors that Spain had opened its borders and offered automatic residency permits.

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The situation was chaotic, both in the water and on land.

Spanish authorities declared a state of emergency as the situation rapidly deteriorated. Reports indicated that between 50,000 and 60,000 people attempted to cross, leading to drownings and deaths in the ensuing crush. Over 70 fatalities were later confirmed.

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Later it became clear that over 70 people lost their lives.

Online, theories quickly emerged suggesting the event was staged. Social media mobilization played a significant role in organizing the movement of migrants. Morocco attributed the mass crossing to disinformation on social media and a misinterpretation of a Spanish court ruling, which migrants incorrectly believed would allow easy entry into Europe.

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Intense Russian propaganda campaign used the situation in Ceuta to create instability in Europe.

Morocco swiftly regained control of the border, and by July 1, most migrants had returned. Amidst the aftermath, various conspiracy theories gained traction. Ukraine's foreign minister alleged a Russian propaganda campaign aimed at destabilizing Europe, linking over 1,500 posts to a pro-Russian network. U.S. Congressman Thomas Massie suggested a connection to a recent U.S. aid package to Morocco. Journalist Mehdi Hasan noted the incident's exploitation by the global far-right to fuel fears of an "invasion." Experts, including former UN official Jan Eliasson and ex-Foreign Minister Carl Bildt, speculated that Morocco orchestrated the action to pressure Spain.

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The far-right worldwide immediately exploited the incident. By fueling fears of a fabricated 'invasion,' they used the so-called crisis to mobilize their supporters.