Don't wait until you're thirsty: Heat rapidly affects heart, brain, kidneys, doctors warn

Extreme temperatures pose significant risks beyond mere discomfort, rapidly impacting vital organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys. Dr. Alexandru Nechifor, an internal medicine specialist, warns that the body often sends subtle signals of distress that are easily overlooked, such as unusual fatigue, headaches, dizziness, nausea, or difficulty concentrating.

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Thirst is not always a sufficient indicator.

Dr. Nechifor emphasizes that relying on thirst as the primary indicator for drinking water is a common mistake. He explains that thirst can manifest only after the body has already lost a substantial amount of fluids. This dehydration detection mechanism is particularly less efficient in older individuals.

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Many people wait until they feel thirsty to drink water. The problem is that thirst can appear after the body has already begun to lose a significant amount of fluid. In older people, this mechanism is even less efficient.

To combat the effects of heat, constant hydration in moderate amounts throughout the day is advised. Consuming very large volumes of water suddenly, especially after heavy sweating, can disrupt the body's salt balance. The body's attempts to cool down by dilating blood vessels and increasing perspiration place extra strain on the heart and can reduce blood circulation to the kidneys.

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Urinations that are rare and urine that is very dark in color can be signs of significant dehydration.

Kidney problems are a less discussed but serious consequence of heat exposure. Infrequent urination and dark-colored urine can signal significant dehydration. Individuals working outdoors, exercising at inappropriate times, or unable to access cool environments are at higher risk. Those with pre-existing cardiovascular, diabetic, kidney, or respiratory conditions are especially vulnerable, as dehydration can destabilize chronic illnesses. Dr. Nechifor also cautions that certain medications, like diuretics or those for blood pressure and mental health, can affect the body's response to heat, sweat production, and thirst perception. Patients experiencing unusual symptoms should consult their doctor, and medications should not be left exposed to high temperatures, such as in parked cars.

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Treatments should not be interrupted and doses should not be modified on one's own initiative. Patients who experience dizziness, hypotension, severe weakness, or other unusual symptoms should discuss them with their attending physician.