Dry Eye Disease Surges Amid Winter and Increased Screen Use; Affects Over 40% in Argentina

Dry eye disease, a condition where tears are insufficient or of poor quality, is becoming a growing concern, especially during winter. The combination of cold weather, dry indoor air from heating, and reduced blinking due to extensive screen time creates a "perfect storm" for this ailment.

In Argentina, a study of nearly 11,000 people revealed that 42.1% of the population experiences dry eye. The condition affects women more frequently (45.1%) than men (30.8%). Symptoms include itching, burning, a gritty sensation, blurred vision, redness, discharge, light sensitivity, and paradoxically, excessive tearing as the eye attempts to compensate for dryness.

Ophthalmologist Gustavo Galperín explains that tear production naturally decreases with age. The study confirmed that the condition is more prevalent in older individuals, particularly women over 60. It is often associated with autoimmune rheumatic diseases like Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as thyroid disorders. However, younger individuals are also affected, often linked to "digital dry eye" caused by increased screen usage.

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As we age, we produce fewer tears. Our survey, which was answered by participants between 12 and 92 years old, confirmed that the problem is more frequent with age, especially in women over 60 years old, and showed that a high percentage (70% of cases) is associated with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (for example, Sjögren's syndrome; rheumatoid arthritis) and thyroid disorders.

Galperín noted that while symptoms are common, formal diagnoses are often lacking. Spending less than 7 hours asleep daily and more than 6 hours in front of screens daily exacerbates symptoms. Certain medications, including those for glaucoma, high blood pressure, and some antidepressants, can also cause dry eye as a side effect.

Ophthalmologist Emiliano López added that dry eye can impact quality of life and work productivity. The combination of indoor heating in poorly ventilated spaces and over six hours of daily screen time significantly affects work performance. He stressed the importance of addressing the condition, particularly in the context of modern digital lifestyles.

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The quality of life and work productivity can also be affected. Combining heating with closed, humid-free environments and more than 6 hours daily in front of cell phone or computer screens becomes a problem for work performance.