Eastern DRC Conflict Persists One Year After Washington Peace Accord

Security in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo remains volatile one year after the signing of a peace agreement in Washington between Kinshasa and Kigali. Clashes between the Congolese army (FARDC) and the M23 rebel movement continue, severely impacting civilian populations. The "Washington Accord," signed on June 27, 2025, aimed to end the conflict by mandating Rwandan troop withdrawal within 90 days and halting Kinshasa's support for the FDLR. However, on the eve of its first anniversary, the US reiterated its call for Rwanda's complete withdrawal from eastern DRC. Persistent fighting rages across territories in North and South Kivu, including Masisi, Rutshuru, Walikale, Uvira, Fizi, and Mwenga. These clashes have forced thousands of civilians to flee their homes, causing significant material destruction. Both sides are increasingly employing heavy artillery and drone attacks. Key strategic sites, such as the Rubaya coltan mine, remain under M23 control, with the rebels also establishing parallel administrations in occupied areas. The UN Security Council has voiced concerns over the non-implementation of the accord. Massad Boulos, Senior Advisor to the US President for Africa and the Middle East, noted that both the DRC and Rwanda have failed to meet their obligations. He specifically criticized Rwanda for its continued support of the M23 rebels and stated that excuses for delays are no longer acceptable. The US emphasized its commitment to holding accountable those undermining peace in the region.

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Despite progress, the parties continue to fail to honor their obligations. The DRC has not honored its obligations for the neutralization of the FDLR, at least in the controlled areas. At the same time, Rwanda has not honored its commitments to disengage the Rwanda defense forces.