Etonitazene Elevated to First-Class Drug in Taiwan; Penalties Include Death Penalty for Trafficking

Taiwan has reclassified etonitazene, a potent synthetic opioid also known as "zombie smoke," from a second-class to a first-class controlled drug. This decision, made by the Ministry of Justice's drug deliberation committee, reflects growing concerns over the substance's high addiction potential, widespread abuse, and significant social harm.

The reclassification means that mere possession of etonitazene now carries a maximum penalty of three years in prison. The consequences are far more severe for those involved in its production, transportation, or sale, with potential penalties including life imprisonment or even the death penalty, placing it on par with substances like heroin and opium.

This move follows a series of incidents highlighting the dangers of etonitazene. In September 2023, New Taipei City police first detected the substance in illegal e-cigarette oils. Despite not being a controlled substance at the time, cases involving etonitazene continued to emerge. A tragic incident occurred in July of the following year when a man, after consuming an e-cigarette containing etonitazene, fatally struck a police officer in New Taipei City, sparking widespread public outcry.

Previously, etonitazene and related compounds were classified as third-class drugs in June 2022, later upgraded to second-class in November 2022. The rapid escalation to first-class status underscores the urgency with which authorities are addressing the escalating threat posed by this drug. Furthermore, the precursor chemical, etonitazene acid, has also been designated a fourth-class controlled substance to prevent its use in illicit drug manufacturing.