EU Approves Appetite-Suppressing Food Additive to Combat Weight Gain

A novel food additive that can suppress appetite and potentially prevent weight gain has received approval from European authorities, paving the way for its introduction into various food products. The additive, known as Inulin Propionate Ester (IPE), has undergone rigorous food safety assessments by the European Union and is expected to appear in European breads, cereals, and smoothies as early as next year. This development offers a proactive strategy for weight management, distinct from surgical or pharmacological interventions.

Developed by a joint research team from the University of Glasgow and Imperial College London, IPE is a white powder created by combining inulin, a natural dietary fiber found in chicory and onions, with propionate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by gut bacteria. Research indicates that IPE helps curb appetite, thereby reducing the intake of excess calories that contribute to weight gain. The mechanism involves stimulating the release of hormones like GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) from the gut, which signal satiety to the brain.

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Increasing fiber intake can help prevent it, but many people consume far less than the recommended amount.

While typical dietary fiber requires consuming large amounts, around 80 grams daily, to significantly boost short-chain fatty acid production, IPE has demonstrated effectiveness with just 10 grams per day. Clinical trials involving overweight individuals aged 40-65 showed increased GLP-1 levels and reduced food intake after consuming IPE. Over six months, the IPE group experienced no weight gain, whereas 17% of the control group gained weight. A separate 12-month study on younger adults found no significant weight difference between groups, but the IPE group maintained more lean body mass without increased physical activity.

IPE's development took 15 years, primarily due to the challenge of ensuring the components reached the intestines intact. After a six-year review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), it was added to the EU's list of Novel Foods this year. Researchers believe IPE could be a valuable tool for maintaining a healthy weight from a younger age, preventing the difficulties associated with weight loss later in life. However, some experts caution that the results across different age groups have been mixed. The research team is currently establishing a company to bring IPE-containing products to market, aiming for a European launch within 12 months.

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Fiber intake or IPE intake can have health benefits, but the results of controlled trials are mixed across age groups.