Europe's most venomous fish hides in the sand; swimmers warned

Europe's most venomous fish, the Lesser Weever (Petermännchen), is causing growing concern in northern waters. Rising water temperatures in the North and Baltic Seas are increasing the likelihood of painful encounters with this species. The fish, which prefers shallow waters, camouflages itself by burying in sand or mud, making accidental contact a significant risk during the swimming season.

Each year, approximately 30 to 40 people on German coasts are stung by the Lesser Weever. The sting delivers intense pain, often exceeding that of a bee or wasp sting, accompanied by swelling, redness, and severe joint pain. While most cases are painful but manageable, the venom can, in rare instances, trigger severe allergic reactions or even life-threatening anaphylactic shock.

The Lesser Weever inhabits the North Sea, western Baltic Sea, Mediterranean, and the eastern Atlantic. It is particularly prevalent in shallow waters during its breeding season, leading to the majority of accidents. The venomous spines are located on the first dorsal fin and gill covers. The venom contains dracotoxin and serotonin, causing intense local pain and potentially systemic symptoms like nausea, fever, breathing difficulties, circulatory problems, or heart arrhythmias.

Immediate first aid involves removing any spine fragments and disinfecting the wound. Experts recommend immersing the affected area in hot water (over 50 degrees Celsius) or using a hairdryer, as heat can denature the venom's protein components. Following this, the area should be cooled, and medical attention sought to check for tetanus protection. To prevent stings, swimmers are advised to wear sea shoes, especially in shallow areas. Amateur fishermen should use protective gloves, and divers are cautioned to avoid disturbing the seabed where the fish often lies hidden.