EV Fires Require Specialized Response, Says Fire Service

As Nigeria embraces cleaner transportation technologies, the Federal Fire Service (FFS), Lagos Command, has issued a critical warning regarding the specialized response required for electric vehicle (EV) fires. Chief Superintendent of Fire, Badmus Abdulsamad, highlighted these concerns during the 3rd Auto Industry Summit in Lagos, emphasizing the need for specific equipment, training, and firefighting techniques.

Abdulsamad explained that while battery-electric vehicles generally have a lower statistical likelihood of catching fire compared to conventional petrol-powered vehicles, incidents involving EVs can present more complex challenges. The primary hazard identified is thermal runaway, a dangerous self-sustaining chemical reaction within the lithium-ion battery system that generates extreme heat and can rapidly spread. These fires can produce toxic and potentially explosive vapors, create projectile hazards, and retain the capability to reignite long after the visible flames have been extinguished.

"Firefighters must focus heavily on cooling the battery pack to prevent thermal runaway from spreading," Abdulsamad stated, noting that substantial quantities of water may be required for extended periods to gain control. He further elaborated that EV fires can occur while vehicles are in motion, parked, or undergoing charging. Potential triggers include road crashes, debris penetrating battery packs, pre-existing mechanical damage, extreme weather conditions, and charging faults. The approach to extinguishing an EV fire differs significantly from that used for conventional vehicles, and damaged EVs can reignite hours or even days later, posing risks in towing yards and storage facilities.

The high-voltage electrical systems in EVs also present a significant concern, remaining hazardous even after a crash. Burning lithium-ion batteries can release toxic and corrosive substances, including hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide. To mitigate these risks, the FFS advises EV owners to use certified charging equipment, maintain battery systems properly, prevent physical damage to battery packs, and avoid exposing vehicles to extreme heat. The public is urged to maintain safe distances from buildings when parking and to evacuate immediately and alert emergency responders rather than attempting to extinguish such fires themselves.

Regarding compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered vehicles, Abdulsamad noted that the primary risks are associated with the high-pressure cylinders used for gas storage, particularly concerning pressure.

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Firefighters must focus heavily on cooling the battery pack to prevent thermal runaway from spreading.