Exam stress can trigger reflux and gastritis, experts warn

The intricate connection between the brain and the digestive system, known as the "brain-gut axis," means that stress, anxiety, and emotional burdens can directly disrupt stomach and intestinal functions, according to Gastroenterology Specialist Dr. Nurettin Coşkun.

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Brain and digestive system are in constant communication. Therefore, stress, anxiety, and emotional burdens can directly affect stomach and intestinal functions.

Dr. Coşkun explained that stress affects the stomach in multiple ways. It can increase stomach acid secretion, leading to more pronounced heartburn and acid reflux. Stress can also slow down stomach emptying, causing feelings of bloating, early satiety, and general fullness. Furthermore, stress heightens the sensitivity of the stomach and intestines to pain, meaning sensations like gas or distension, which might normally go unnoticed, can be perceived as painful.

Existing conditions such as acid reflux and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can become more severe during stressful periods. While stress may not directly cause reflux, it can make existing symptoms feel more frequent and intense. Nausea, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain are also common complaints during high-stress times. Dr. Coşkun noted that in cases of functional dyspepsia and IBS, stress is a significant contributing factor. Sometimes, even with normal test results, patients continue to experience symptoms, especially if these flare up during periods of intense work, exams, family issues, or anxiety, and fluctuate throughout the day.

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Stress can increase stomach acid secretion and, consequently, heartburn and acid reflux become more pronounced. At the same time, it can slow down stomach emptying, causing bloating, early satiety, and fullness.

However, Dr. Coşkun cautioned against attributing all digestive complaints solely to stress. Certain "alarm symptoms" warrant immediate and detailed medical investigation. These include unexplained weight loss, anemia, difficulty swallowing, recurrent vomiting, or gastrointestinal bleeding. In such cases, it is crucial to explore potential underlying organic causes rather than solely relying on stress as the explanation.

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Stress can increase the sensitivity of the stomach and intestines to pain. Even normal gas or distension can be felt as pain.

To maintain digestive health, Dr. Coşkun recommends several lifestyle adjustments: ensuring regular and quality sleep, maintaining a balanced diet low in fatty and spicy foods while rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber, engaging in regular physical activity like walking, and practicing stress management techniques such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, hobbies, and social engagement.

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Stress is not clearly shown to directly cause reflux. However, it can lead to existing reflux complaints being felt more frequently and severely.