Greatest antisemitic terrorist threat in Europe stems from jihadist terrorism, new report finds

Jihadist terrorism poses the greatest antisemitic terrorist threat in Europe, according to a new analysis by the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT) and the European Jewish Congress (EJC). The report, covering January 1 to December 31, 2025, monitored real-life antisemitic incidents across all EU member states, the UK, and Switzerland.

Over the year, 254 incidents were identified, though the actual number is likely higher as many victims do not report offenses. Antisemitism was found to be a persistent feature of daily life rather than solely an event-driven phenomenon, with an average of 21 incidents per month. Peaks occurred in December (36 incidents) and September (33 incidents).

Germany (58 incidents) and France (54 incidents) recorded the highest numbers of cases, accounting for nearly half of all registered incidents. When adjusted for population size, France showed the highest incidence rate, followed by Bulgaria and Greece. Physical attacks were particularly common in France, while vandalism dominated in Italy and the Netherlands.

Vandalism constituted the largest share of incidents, with 131 out of 254 cases. Holocaust memorials were the most frequent targets (41 incidents), followed by synagogues (23) and Jewish cemeteries (11). Physical attacks numbered 48, some involving weapons. Actual antisemitic terrorist attacks were comparatively rare, with two incidents linked to IS-inspired jihadist terrorism recorded in 2025: a stabbing near Berlin's Holocaust Memorial and an attack on Yom Kippur in Manchester.