Heart attack symptoms differ between men and women

Cardiovascular diseases remain the primary cause of death worldwide and in Chile, with acute myocardial infarction leading the statistics in the South American nation. Despite their high incidence, a significant gap persists in understanding how heart attack symptoms vary between men and women. This disparity frequently leads to delayed medical attention and reduced chances of timely treatment.

In men, heart attack symptoms are typically more evident. Dr. Martín Rojas, a cardiologist at Clínica Universidad de los Andes, explains that intense chest pain or pressure is the most common sign, often radiating to the limbs, neck, or back. He stresses the urgency of seeking immediate care, stating, "Do not wait for symptoms to disappear. Every minute that passes increases heart muscle damage."

Conversely, women often experience atypical symptoms that can be mistaken for digestive issues, muscle pain, or anxiety. Dr. Cindy Goldberg, also a cardiologist at the institution, notes that many female patients report extreme, unexplained fatigue, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or discomfort in the back, neck, jaw, or upper abdomen. Crucially, these symptoms can occur without the intense chest pain typically associated with heart attacks, making early recognition challenging.

While major risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and sedentary lifestyles affect both genders equally, women have additional vulnerabilities. Pregnancy complications like preeclampsia and the loss of hormonal protection during menopause increase women's susceptibility. Therefore, regular check-ups and proactive prevention are essential for timely intervention.