Heatwave drives ozone pollution in Baden-Württemberg; evening caution advised

Baden-Württemberg is experiencing increased ozone concentrations due to high temperatures and strong solar radiation, prompting warnings from the State Institute for the Environment (LUBW). The LUBW advises individuals sensitive to ozone, such as children and those with respiratory issues, to postpone strenuous outdoor activities until the early morning hours. Ozone levels tend to peak in the late afternoon and evening, intensifying with decreasing cloud cover and wind.

Ozone can trigger a range of health problems, including severe headaches and coughing. The LUBW recommends that children, adolescents, and sensitive individuals avoid outdoor exertion when ozone levels exceed 180 micrograms per cubic meter of air. An "ozone alarm" is issued when concentrations reach 240 micrograms, advising everyone to limit outdoor activity. Such high peaks were last recorded in 2015.

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Ozone-sensitive individuals and children should move physical exertion and sports activities outdoors to the early morning hours.

The sensitivity to ozone varies among individuals, with an estimated 10 to 15 percent of the population being particularly susceptible. The gas can cause irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes, leading to coughing and headaches, often exacerbated by accompanying substances. While these irritations are largely independent of physical activity, prolonged exposure to ozone-laden air increases their severity.

In higher concentrations, ozone can penetrate deeper into the lungs, especially during physical exertion, potentially causing tissue damage and inflammation. Studies have shown reduced lung function in schoolchildren and adults following intense outdoor activity on high-ozone days. The LUBW also notes ozone's dual role in the atmosphere: as a protective layer against UV radiation in the stratosphere and as a pollutant near the ground.

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These irritations are largely independent of physical activity. Their extent is primarily determined by the duration of stay in the ozone-laden air.