Hongjul-nabi butterfly living in Seoraksan and Odaesan forests selected as Endangered Wild Species of the Month

The Hongjul-nabi butterfly, a species inhabiting the natural forests of South Korea's Seoraksan and Odaesan mountains, has been designated the 'Endangered Wild Species of the Month' for August. This designation highlights the precarious state of the butterfly, which is particularly vulnerable to environmental shifts due to its restricted habitat and small population size. Climate change, specifically rising temperatures, and the destruction of its habitat pose significant threats to its survival.

The Hongjul-nabi butterfly is characterized by a distinct red stripe on its wings, from which it derives its name. It is a medium-sized butterfly, with a wingspan of 57-60 mm. The upper side of its wings is dark brown with yellowish-brown spots and prominent red stripes. Females are larger than males and have a lighter wing base color with a broader, lighter band across the center of the wings. The butterfly has a single adult generation per year, overwintering in the larval stage (third instar). After further development, it pupates around June and emerges as an adult butterfly between June and August, with peak observation typically in July and August.

This species primarily resides in forest interiors close to natural forests. Unusually for Korean butterflies, its larvae feed on pine needles. The butterfly has a narrow range of activity, making it difficult to relocate if its habitat is damaged, underscoring the critical need for habitat protection. As a butterfly adapted to the cooler temperatures of mountainous regions, the recent rise in average global temperatures presents a new survival challenge.

Internationally, the Hongjul-nabi butterfly is found in China and Russia. In South Korea, it is observed in the northeastern mountainous areas, including Seoraksan and Odaesan. Capturing, collecting, damaging, or killing endangered wild species like the Hongjul-nabi butterfly is punishable under the 'Act on the Protection and Management of Wildlife.' Violators face up to three years in prison or fines ranging from 3 million to 30 million won. More information on endangered wild species can be found on the websites of the National Institute of Biological Resources and the National Ecological Institute.