Japan Officially Names Days Over 40°C 'Extreme Heat Day' Amid Rising Temperatures

In response to the escalating reality of extreme heat gripping Japan, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has officially designated days where temperatures soar above 40 degrees Celsius as 'Gokushitsu-bi,' or 'Extreme Heat Day.' This significant decision, announced on March 17, reflects a growing concern over the impact of climate change and the increasing frequency of unprecedented heatwaves across the nation.

The selection of 'Gokushitsu-bi' was a carefully considered process, involving a public online survey and consultations with meteorological experts. Out of nearly half a million responses, 'Gokushitsu-bi' emerged as the clear favorite, signifying its resonance with the public. Other proposed names, such as 'Chōmeishō-bi' (Super Intense Heat Day) and 'Kyokushō-bi' (Extreme Heat Day), also garnered support, but 'Gokushitsu-bi' was deemed the most familiar and suitable term for official use.

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The naming of a new term has provided a great opportunity to expand public interest.

Historically, Japan has used terms like 'Natsu-bi' (Summer Day) for temperatures above 25°C, 'Man-natsu-bi' (Midsummer Day) for above 30°C, and 'Meishō-bi' (Intense Heat Day) for above 35°C. However, days exceeding 40°C were rare and lacked a specific designation. The situation has dramatically shifted, with such extreme temperatures being recorded annually since 2018, culminating in a record high of 41.8°C in Isesaki City last August. The need for a distinct term became undeniable.

The JMA emphasizes that temperatures exceeding human body temperature pose a serious threat to health, significantly increasing the risk of heatstroke. The introduction of 'Gokushitsu-bi' is not merely a naming convention but a crucial step towards raising public awareness and encouraging timely preventative measures. This official designation will now be incorporated into the JMA's future weather information, serving as a stark reminder of the intensifying climate challenges Japan faces and the urgent need for adaptation strategies.

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Temperatures exceeding body temperature place a great burden on the human body and increase the risk of heatstroke, making early countermeasures important.