Lebanon’s pilot zones expose major gap between Beirut, Jerusalem, Washington - analysis

A significant disconnect exists between Beirut, Washington, and Jerusalem regarding the objectives and outcomes of deploying the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) in proposed pilot zones in southern Lebanon. While all three parties publicly support an enhanced role for the Lebanese army, their underlying expectations appear to diverge considerably.

The US Department of State announced the commencement of pilot zone operations in Froun, Srifa, and Zawtar Al-Gharbiya, framing it as a direct result of recent Israeli-Lebanese discussions in Rome. The US has invested in the LAF and aims for Lebanon to restore its sovereignty, which includes the army controlling territory, securing borders, and preventing Hezbollah's operations. Washington's ultimate goal is for the state to hold a monopoly on weapons, thereby diminishing Hezbollah's influence.

From Beirut's perspective, the primary objective seems to be leveraging the LAF's presence in the pilot zones as a means to secure an Israeli withdrawal or redeployment. Lebanon appears to believe that by demonstrating the LAF's ground presence and fulfilling its obligations, it can encourage further Israeli departures. However, this approach notably sidesteps the issue of Hezbollah, which is conspicuously absent from Beirut's public discourse on the matter.

Israel's perspective is described as more limited and informed by regional cynicism and past experiences. The pilot zone concept itself is intended as a "trust but verify" mechanism. If the LAF can successfully secure a limited area and prevent Hezbollah's return, the model could be expanded, potentially paving the way for restored Lebanese sovereignty in the south. The unspoken challenge for all parties, particularly the US and Israel, remains how to address Hezbollah's significant military and political power within Lebanon, a factor Beirut seems reluctant to confront directly.

“

Today, pilot zone operations began in the villages of Froun, Srifa, and Zawtar Al-Gharbiya in accordance with the Trilateral Framework and under the auspices of the Military Coordination Group for Lebanon. This milestone is a direct outcome of last week’s discussions between Israel and Lebanon in Rome. The United States will continue working closely with both parties to implement the Framework to a successful conclusion.