Nolan’s ‘The Odyssey’ gives Homer a second life and new tourism map

A cave on a Turkish hillside, long known to locals as Homer's Valley near Izmir, is experiencing renewed interest as a possible birthplace of "The Odyssey." Turkish researcher Altan Altin champions this theory, referencing historical accounts like that of the 2nd-century geographer Pausanias, who associated the poet with the Smyrna region. Altin points to a 3rd-century BC frieze that he believes precisely depicts the Bornova cave, suggesting a strong geographical connection. He argues that Homer, or at least the tradition of his composition, is deeply rooted in this Ionian land, which encompasses both ancient Smyrna and the island of Chios. The debate over Homer's origins, while ancient, is further fueled by modern interpretations and the enduring mystique surrounding the epic poet. Altin asserts, "For me, there's no doubt, Homer is from Bornova. In any case, he's from Ionia, which includes Smyrna and Chios. He's from these lands."

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This place was always called Homer’s Valley by the locals. Travellers from all over the world would come and see the cave where Homer is said to have composed his poems.

Beyond Altin's research, archaeological evidence from the area bolsters the connection. Excavations at Yesilova Hoyuk, a Neolithic site in Izmir, have unearthed artifacts, including coins bearing Homer's likeness. Archaeologist Mehmet Akif Erdem stated that these discoveries indicate ancient Smyrna's inhabitants considered the poet one of their own. The linguistic evidence also plays a role, with "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" written in the Ionic and Aeolic dialects, further suggesting a possible origin in the region of ancient Smyrna and Bornova. While other locations, notably the Greek island of Chios, also claim Homer's origins, the Izmir region presents a compelling case supported by historical texts, local tradition, and ongoing archaeological findings. The cave itself, though filled with rocks, bears inscriptions left by past travelers, hinting at its long-standing significance as a site of pilgrimage and contemplation related to the legendary poet.

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The Smyrnaeans have the river Meles, with its lovely water, and at its springs is the grotto, where they say Homer composed his poems.