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NASA has selected Relativity Space, a rocket company led by former Google CEO Eric Schmidt, to launch a scientific payload to Mars in 2028. This mission marks a new public-private partnership aimed at advancing Martian atmospheric research.

The payload, named Aeolus, will carry a suite of instruments designed to study the Martian atmosphere. Relativity Space will be responsible for providing the spacecraft, launch vehicle, and cruise operations necessary to deliver the payload to the Red Planet. NASA expects Aeolus to offer the first comprehensive, daily global perspective of Mars' atmospheric conditions, including wind patterns, temperatures, and dust and cloud formations.

Data collected by Aeolus is anticipated to enhance the understanding of Mars' climate and weather systems. The mission's four scientific instruments will focus on atmospheric observations. NASA believes the gathered information could significantly improve future entry, descent, and landing technologies for Mars missions, contributing to safer and more predictable planning for potential astronaut expeditions.

Relativity Space is recognized for its development of 3D-printed rockets. Its first vehicle, Terran 1, launched in 2023 but did not achieve orbit due to in-flight issues. Eric Schmidt, who led Google from 2001 to 2011, took over leadership of Relativity Space in 2025. The company is currently focused on its larger reusable rocket, Terran R, with its inaugural flight expected later this year.