One in Four Peruvians With Obesity Does Not Recognize a Weight Problem

One in four participants in a Peruvian study whose body mass index indicated overweight or obesity did not see themselves as having a weight problem, or did not know how to define their situation.

The research, promoted by Adium Peru and conducted by anthropologist Roberto Guarnieri and his team, examined how adults experience overweight and obesity. Researchers used field and online ethnographic observations, surveys and in-depth interviews.

They concluded that the gap between a person’s measured condition and self-perception cannot be understood as an individual matter alone. In Peru, food can express affection, hospitality, celebration and well-being. In some families, serving more food or offering a second helping can signal care.

Changing consumption patterns also shape how people understand weight. Guarnieri said that, for some social groups, greater access to restaurants, delivery services and certain foods can represent progress and prosperity. Body weight is therefore interpreted within a culture where eating also means enjoying life, sharing and displaying success.

The study identified eight profiles, or “nanoniches,” though the researchers said they are not rigid categories. A person may identify with more than one profile or move between them over a lifetime. The groups include “Silent Guilty” people, who experience weight gain through shame and self-judgment; “Curvys,” who accept or celebrate their bodies; “Frustrated” people who have repeatedly tried to lose weight and fear failing again; and “Body positive” people who defend body acceptance and may resist comments they perceive as judgmental.