Reduced Grip Strength and Mobility in Elderly Linked to Higher Risk of Heart Disease and Death

Elderly individuals experiencing a decline in both grip strength and mobility face a substantially elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, a new study reveals. Researchers from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) analyzed data from 2,997 individuals aged 65 and older, linking their health records with national insurance claims and mortality data.

The study defined sarcopenia, a condition characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, in two stages: 'possible sarcopenia' for those with a decline in either grip strength or physical performance, and 'functional sarcopenia' for those with a decline in both. The findings indicated that individuals with functional sarcopenia were 1.92 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease and 1.45 times more likely to die from any cause compared to those without sarcopenia.

Furthermore, a follow-up analysis of 1,990 participants over approximately four years showed that individuals who newly developed sarcopenia had a 1.56 times higher risk of cardiovascular disease and a 1.67 times higher risk of death compared to those who maintained their muscle function. The study identified low grip strength as less than 28 kg for men and 18 kg for women, and low physical performance as taking 12 seconds or longer to complete a 3-meter walk-and-return test from a seated position.

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This study is meaningful in that it shows that examining actual muscle function, including muscle strength and physical function, not just muscle mass decline, can be an important indicator for assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease in old age.

Researchers noted that sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease share common underlying mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction. This highlights the interconnectedness of muscle health and cardiovascular well-being in older adults. The study emphasizes that assessing actual muscle function, not just muscle mass, through measures like grip strength and physical performance, is a crucial indicator for predicting cardiovascular risks in the elderly.

To combat these risks, the KDCA recommends regular engagement in physical activities such as walking, strength training, and balance exercises. Periodic monitoring of grip strength and changes in walking and mobility are also advised to detect early signs of decline and intervene proactively. This research underscores the importance of maintaining physical function to promote healthy aging and reduce the burden of chronic diseases in the elderly population.

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It is important to regularly practice strength and balance exercises along with physical activities such as walking, and to periodically check for decreased grip strength or changes in walking and mobility.