WHO raises alarm over birth defects, calls for wider newborn screening

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued an urgent call for countries to broaden their newborn screening programs, citing a growing global burden of birth defects. The organization's newly released report, "Strengthening Capacity for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Management of Birth Defects," highlights that an estimated eight million babies are born with congenital conditions each year. These conditions now account for almost 8% of deaths among children under five globally.

WHO emphasizes that early diagnosis is a critical strategy for saving lives and preventing lifelong disabilities. Millions of children, particularly in low- and middle-income nations, are diagnosed too late or never receive treatment, despite many conditions being effectively manageable if detected shortly after birth. Conditions such as congenital hypothyroidism, sickle-cell disease, hearing impairment, and metabolic disorders can be successfully treated when identified early.

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stressed the importance of immediate action, stating, "No child should miss the chance for a healthy future because a congenital condition was not detected early enough." He noted that newborn screening can significantly improve outcomes, giving newborns the best opportunity to reach their full potential.

The report reveals a stark disparity in screening capabilities worldwide. While some nations screen for over 50 conditions, others have yet to implement any programs. Birth defects represent a rising proportion of child mortality in regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, partly due to advancements in reducing deaths from infectious diseases. WHO recommends integrating newborn screening, diagnosis, and treatment into routine healthcare and universal health coverage, prioritizing conditions based on national prevalence. The organization also pointed to successful integration examples in Uganda, India, Brazil, and the Philippines.

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No child should miss the chance for a healthy future because a congenital condition was not detected early enough. Countries are showing that newborn screening can save lives, prevent disability and give newborns the best opportunity to fulfill their potential.