Widespread power cuts loom for Cuba as energy crisis deepens

Cuba is bracing for another day of extensive power cuts, as simultaneous outages are projected to affect up to 65% of the nation during peak hours on Saturday. The state-run electric company, Unión Eléctrica (UNE), has forecast a substantial gap between energy generation and demand, underscoring the deepening energy crisis.

The island has been grappling with severe energy shortages since mid-2024. This crisis has been intensified by U.S. oil sanctions, a measure criticized by the United Nations as contrary to international law. Compounding the issue is the dilapidated state of Cuba's thermoelectric power plants, many of which were built in the 1960s and 70s and suffer from frequent breakdowns due to a chronic lack of investment and maintenance.

According to UNE's projections for Saturday's evening peak demand, the country expects to generate 1,155 megawatts (MW) while facing a demand of 3,200 MW. This leaves a deficit of 2,045 MW, with an estimated 2,075 MW to be disconnected to prevent cascading failures. Currently, nine of the country's 16 generation units are offline.

While domestic crude oil powers some plants, a significant portion of the energy mix relies on imported diesel and fuel oil. These imports have been severely impacted by U.S. pressure, forcing the shutdown of generation engines. The remaining 20% of the energy supply comes from gas and renewable sources, often with Chinese support. Independent analyses suggest that Cuba would need between $8 billion and $10 billion to revitalize its energy system.