Disease prevention: Key guide as temperatures fall

As Paraguay braces for a significant temperature drop, health authorities are issuing an urgent call for preventative measures against a surge in respiratory illnesses. Experts emphasize that timely vaccination, rigorous hygiene practices, and smart ventilation are crucial to mitigate the risk of infection and severe complications during the winter months.

The most effective defense against severe influenza complications and fatalities is the influenza vaccine, with full protection achieved two weeks post-inoculation. Additionally, a vaccine for the respiratory syncytial virus (VSR) is available for infants born between November 2025 and July 2026, and for children under one year with risk factors.

Basic hygiene, such as frequent handwashing with soap and water, remains a primary barrier against germs. Respiratory etiquette, including covering coughs and sneezes with the inner elbow, is also stressed. To maintain healthy indoor environments without excessive cold exposure, experts suggest opening windows and doors during midday for 30 to 60 minutes when temperatures are highest. For those using heating, maintaining indoor temperatures between 25°C and 26°C is advised, as higher temperatures can trigger obstructive conditions in individuals with allergies or asthma. The use of braziers indoors is strictly prohibited due to the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Staying hydrated by drinking 2 to 3 liters of water daily helps keep respiratory tracts moist and aids mucus expulsion. Individuals experiencing flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, sore throat, and general malaise, are urged to rest at home to prevent spreading the virus. Wearing a mask is essential when visiting healthcare facilities or if respiratory symptoms are present. Parents should seek immediate medical attention for infants and young children under five exhibiting lethargy, loss of appetite, or nausea, as these signs warrant prompt professional evaluation.