Doctor Warns of Volcanic Ash Health Risks Even After an Eruption Ends

Volcanic ash does not stop posing a health threat when an eruption ends, Indonesian internal medicine specialist Sukamto Koesnoe warned. The risk can continue for days or weeks, until the ash has been cleaned up or washed away by rain.

Ash that settles on soil, roofs and roads can return to the air through wind, passing vehicles and cleanup work. Koesnoe said volcanic ash differs from ordinary dust because its particles can be sharp, angular and rich in silica. Some are also very fine, including PM10 and PM2.5 particles that can travel deep into the respiratory system.

The most common effects include nasal irritation, a dry or painful throat, a dry cough, shortness of breath and a feeling of tightness in the chest. Exposure can trigger attacks or worsening symptoms in people with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis and allergic rhinitis. Irritation of the airways can also weaken local defenses and raise the risk of acute respiratory infections.

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So the risk continues for days to weeks, until the ash is completely cleaned up or washed away by rain.

Koesnoe advised people with chronic lung disease and older adults to keep influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations up to date. People with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should ensure that both controller and reliever medicines remain available and accompany them when they travel.

The effects can extend beyond the lungs. Ash may cause eye irritation, redness, conjunctivitis and even corneal scratches, making contact-lens users especially vulnerable. It can also irritate the skin, contaminate unprotected food and drinking water, and worsen heart and blood-vessel conditions through PM2.5 exposure. Koesnoe said silicosis is mainly a long-term risk from repeated exposure, while the immediate concern for the public is acute harm.

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The most relevant concern for the general public right now is the acute impact described above.